Iran

[KheibarShekan]

Iran’s presidential candidates shape two fronts in first debate

During the debate, the candidates presented contrasting views on the state of Iran’s economy and its relationship with the world. Two candidates, Pezeshkian and Pour-Mohammadi argued that the economy's improvement is contingent on normalising international relations, while the other four maintained that it can be bolstered through domestic manufacturing, even under strict sanctions.

Pour-Mohammadi said the economy cannot be separated from politics, saying the Islamic Republic needs to avoid confrontation with other countries and employ effective diplomacy to open up new opportunities, echoing the call from Pezeshkian.

Pezeshkian acknowledged the negative impacts of sanctions, saying it has hindered foreign investment and caused substantial loss in oil exports, not to mention the costs of circumventing the bans.

Apart from Qalibaf, who remained neutral and refused to disagree with any of the candidates, the other three directly attacked Pezeshkian and Pour-Mohammadi, accusing them of spreading despair and linking the country’s prosperity to foreigners.

Tehran Mayor Alireza Zakani led the hardline front, blaming the two for what he called pursuing a “diplomacy of begging” in a snide hit at former Foreign Minister Javad Zarif, who said he would return to the foreign ministry if Pezeshkian wins.

Zakani said normal relations do not necessarily guarantee economic prosperity, citing Turkey which is experiencing high inflation rates despite such international ties. The Tehran mayor, who has been heavily involved in selling government land and other potential corruption cases, is not well admired by many in the Iranian capital.

Echoing the words of the leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, he said sanctions should be neutralised inside the country without giving a specific goal for how to reach that.

Another hardline contender, Amir-Hossein Qazizadeh Hashemi said the country needs “internal power”, not one that can be harmed when a “paper” is torn by a government, referring to the US jumping out of the nuclear agreement.

He referred to the 2015 nuclear deal under which international sanctions were lifted but were later reimposed when the US withdrew in 2018.

Jalili rejected the idea that economic problems are rooted in sanctions, saying the US so-called “maximum pressure” has failed thanks to Raisi’s policies.

The four candidates continually praised Raisi’s performance, putting all the blame on his predecessor, Hassan Rouhani. In Iranian culture, it is poor form to attack the dead predecessor, despite the fact the national currency plummeted under his watch and he was president amid killings on the streets from the death of Mahsa Amini.

Pezeshkian and Pour-Mohammadi did not idolise Raisi or make any critical remarks, clearly marking their difference from the hardline conservatives.

Throughout the debate, Qalibaf cleverly avoided any confrontation and focused on his own plans.
...

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/ira...r-BB1orDII

[KheibarShekan]

Iran refugee statistics for 2022 was 3,425,091.00, a 329.02% increase from 2021.
Iran refugee statistics for 2021 was 798,343.00, a 0.21% decline from 2020.
Iran refugee statistics for 2020 was 800,025.00, a 18.32% decline from 2019.
Iran refugee statistics for 2019 was 979,435.00, a 0% increase from 2018.
https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metri...statistics

Iran becomes the second largest refugee hosting country as forced displacement hits new record high globally
14 June 2023

TEHRAN: UNHCR’s flagship annual report, Global Trends in Forced Displacement, found that by the end of 2022, the number of people displaced by war, persecution, violence, and human rights abuses stood at a record 108.4 million, up by 19.1 million from the year before, which was the biggest ever increase.

The full-scale war in Ukraine, alongside conflict elsewhere and climate-driven upheaval meant, globally, more people than ever remained uprooted from their homes last year, heightening the urgency for immediate, collective action to alleviate the causes and impact of displacement, UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, said today.

Estimates for the number of refugees from Afghanistan were sharply higher by the end of 2022 due to revised estimates of Afghans hosted in the Islamic Republic of Iran following a headcount exercise conducted by the Government. With over 3.4 million refugee and refugee-like populations, Iran became the second largest refugee hosting country globally after Türkiye. Additionally, Iran hosts over 1.1 million Afghans of varying status including, 360,000 Afghans with Iranian resident permits, 267,000 family passport holders and 500,000 undocumented Afghans.

“These figures show us that some people are far too quick to rush to conflict, and way too slow to find solutions. The consequence is devastation, displacement, and anguish for each of the millions of people forcibly uprooted from their homes,” UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said.

The figures also confirmed that, whether measured by economic means or population ratios, it remains the world’s low- and middle-income countries, like Iran, that host the most displaced people. The 46 least developed countries account for less than 1.3 per cent of global gross domestic product, yet they hosted more than 20 per cent of all refugees.
...

https://www.unhcr.org/ir/2023/06/14/iran...-globally/

Ein Jahr später:

The Islamic Republic of Iran is host to the largest refugee population in the world, hosting 3.4 million refugees and people in refugee-like situation. The country has generously hosted refugees for over four decades.

https://reliefweb.int/report/iran-islami...march-2024

[Quintus Fabius]

Ironischerweise sind sehr viele der Afghanen welche hier in dieser Bundesrepublik als Flüchtlinge unterwegs sind eben nicht aus Afghanistan, sondern aus dem Iran. Die Afghanen fliehen also in den Iran, während Afghanen welche im Iran geboren wurden aus dem Iran hierher kommen und dann behaupten aus Afghanistan zu sein, obwohl sie aus dem Iran sind.

Wie werden Flüchtlinge im Iran eigentlich versorgt ? Gibt es dafür staatliche Leistungen / Flüchtlingslager / karitative Arbeit ? Gibt es im Iran Asylverfahren und falls ja, wie laufen diese ab ?

[KheibarShekan]

Ironischerweise sind sehr viele der Afghanen welche hier in dieser Bundesrepublik als Flüchtlinge unterwegs sind eben nicht aus Afghanistan, sondern aus dem Iran. Die Afghanen fliehen also in den Iran, während Afghanen welche im Iran geboren wurden aus dem Iran hierher kommen und dann behaupten aus Afghanistan zu sein, obwohl sie aus dem Iran sind.

Für die Erlangung der iranischen Staatsbürgerschaft müsste ein Elternteil die Staatsbürgerschaft besitzen, oder es muss eine Ehe mit einer Iranerin/Iraner eingegangen werden. Ausnahmen bilden Waisenkinder, wo die Herkunft unklar bzw. undokumentiert ist. Ergo wäre die Aussage der betreffenden Flüchtlinge auch völlig korrekt.

Wie werden Flüchtlinge im Iran eigentlich versorgt ? Gibt es dafür staatliche Leistungen / Flüchtlingslager / karitative Arbeit ? Gibt es im Iran Asylverfahren und falls ja, wie laufen diese ab ?

Meines Wissens nach stehen allen Ausländern (Flüchtlinge, Touristen) im Iran grundsätzlich die gleichen medizinischen Grundleistungen zu, wie Inländern. Auch dann, wenn ihr Herkunftsstatus undgeklärt bzw. undokumentiert ist. Das Selbe betrifft das Recht auf freie Bildung in einer staatlichen Schule, für Jungs und Mädchen jeder Glaubensrichtung. Die Asylverfahren sind im Iran vorrangig ein Registrierungsprozess. Eine inhaltliche Prüfung der Anliegen gibt es nur sehr bedingt. Vorrangiges Ziel der Regierung ist die Registrierung selbst. Die Afghanen kommen im Zweifel sowieso zu hunderttausenden ins Land. Wieviel Zeit sollte man da mit monatelangen Asylverfahren verschwenden? Ansonsten ist aufgrund mangelnder finanzieller Grundsicherung die Situation für Flüchtlinge nicht einfach. Niemand lebt lange freiwillig in den Notunterkünsten, die vom Iran in Grenznähe aufgebaut wurden. Nur Anfänger, Alte, Kranke lassen sich darauf ein und die anderen ziehen einfach weiter und verteilen sich quer über das Land, suchen einfache Arbeiten.

---

Hier werden die zentralen Punkte genannt:

According to the 2016 national census of Iran, most of the Afghan population lives in the five provinces of Tehran, Alborz, Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi and Kerman. However, a year after the terrorist attacks in two shrines in April and October 2022, where Afghan nationals were among the perpetrators, Iran’s Supreme National Security Council decided to limit the presence of Afghans to half of the country (or 16 out of 31 provinces). Afghans in Iran are mainly employed in construction, agriculture, livestock farming and low status jobs in service sections where they form an army of low-paid workers who often receive less than the minimum wage and are not covered by social security. Some Afghans are still lucky enough to be employed in better paid jobs, but they are in the minority.

Western sanctions on the Islamic Republic, combined with the state’s mismanagement of resources, have had devastating effects on the economy, which include rampant inflation (annual rate: 40.2%, Nov 2023), devaluation of the Iranian currency, sky-rocketing housing prices and salaries which do not match the inflation. All those factors impact the lives of Afghans, too. They have been forced to mainly live in slums around big cities, impoverished suburban areas, or tolerate difficult living conditions in big cities such as Tehran. Nevertheless, Iran’s strict laws which prevent foreigners from obtaining citizenship, left many of the educated refugees or skilled workers from Afghanistan to depart Iran for European and North American countries. As a result, less educated and unskilled Afghans stayed in Iran, and occupied lower status jobs which Iranian citizens prefer not to do. Although some Afghan migrants succeeded in obtaining legal documents, they have never been looked at equally as an Iranian citizen: they are not allowed to vote or have a representative at the parliament, they cannot purchase properties or get a driving license. In short, nearly five decades since their first arrival, Afghans are seen as “second class” people and are deprived of a legal status.

Rising economic woes, unstable labour market and nationalistic propaganda by unknown Iranian groups who see all Afghans as Taliban members in the past two years have gradually shaped xenophobic sentiment which reflects in anti-Afghan language in Iranian society particularly on social media. Farsi hashtag “deporting Afghans a national demand”, is seen frequently. And this anti-Afghan feeling is gradually turning into a challenge to Iranian authorities and threatens the decades-long coexistence between Iranians and Afghans. As mentioned above, the role of Afghan nationals in at least two terror incidents and claims of responsibility by the Islamic State branch in Afghanistan (IS-K) exacerbated the situation. More importantly, it has led to sporadic clashes, as was reported in early December in Yazd after an Afghan man killed a young Iranian.

The Iranian government has so far maintained good ties with Afghans, and the current rulers of Afghanistan, the Taliban. This policy is partially aimed at keeping borders safe, not antagonizing Afghan communities, especially the Sunni Afghans, and at convincing the Taliban to provide Iran with its water allocations from a border river. At the same time, Iran is aware of opportunities and the risks Afghans pose to its society. On one side there are security matters: the real threat of IS-K members entering Iran as refugees, the danger of sectarian clashes between Shia Iranians and Sunni Afghans and confrontations rising from economic or social turbulence. On the other side, the sanctioned Iranian administration considers Afghans as potential investors. Afghan businessmen are believed to make up the bulk of foreign investors in Iran. They financed 15 percent of the 4-billion-dollar foreign projects this year. Tehran sees Afghanistan as a thriving market for made-in-Iran products and is willing to boost cross-border trade. Officials also emphasize Iranian hospitality, Muslim fraternity, Shiism (in particular for Shia, Hazara Afghans), and cultural bonds as motives to host Afghan people and hope these common grounds would encourage wealthy Afghans to further invest in Iran.

In 2023, Iran started a new registration scheme, alongside a campaign of deportation of refugees who enter the country illegally. The Islamic Republic understands it needs to change some regulations regarding the presence of foreigners, especially Afghans, in Iran. Therefore, it has joined hands with the UNHCR to provide refugee-card holders with healthcare coverage, and facilitate their access to state education and banking services. Iranian authorities are aware that a mass expulsion of Afghans – as did Pakistan – would ground parts of the economy such as public services, industrial, farming, and construction sectors to a halt as Afghans are the main workforce in those fields. By adopting a more lenient approach and seizing economic opportunities, the Islamic Republic plans to reduce security threats, avoid future communal tensions and encourage Iranians to see Afghan migrants as an economic advantage.

https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication...-on-165046

[KheibarShekan]

Bei der dritten TV Debatte der sechs Präsidentschaftskandidaten ging es um Kultur und die Rolle der Frauen in der iranischen Gesellschaft:

Candidates attend third presidential election debate
...
Masoud Pezeshkian:
Commenting on the issue of culture, Pezeshkian stressed that government should not manage culture.
This work belongs to seminaries, mosques, schools, and universities, he cited.
Intellectuals should not leave our country. We should prepare the ground so that they do not have to leave, Pezeshkian urged.

Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf:
"Culture, in fact, means that people produce and consume themselves. Governments should navigate, produce, and guide," he underlined.
He went on to say that undoubtedly, the family is the most important entity that governments must focus on.
Having a strong Iran depends on having strong families, Ghalibaf noted.

Mostafa Pourmohammadi:
In his remarks, Pourmohammadi stressed the need to establish a strong messaging platform.
Women have made significant progress in the Islamic Republic of Iran, but they still have not reached their true position, he emphasized.
He said that Iran is a capable country with high scientific potential, and the Iranians are also capable of progressing in content production.

Alireza Zakani:
Referring to the issue of women's role in society, he said that women's issues cannot be addressed with mere slogans. "Women inside and outside their homes need security."
Freedom is the right of the people, and the Islamic Revolution has granted this right, he noted.
He further stressed that Islam provides women and girls with a position where they have opportunities, not issues.

Ghazizadeh Hashemi:
Commenting on the issue of women's affairs, he said that the government is obliged to employ women with children and provide facilities such as affordable childcare centers.
He said that the status and role of women in Iranian and Islamic culture is obvious.
"In our country, women have never been viewed as objects."

Saeed Jalili:
Jalili stressed that measures should be taken to not allow the glorious role of Iranian women in various fields to be censored.
Referring to the conspiracy of Iran's enemies, Jalili said that the enemies have focused on women because women are a strength of the Islamic Revolution.
He also criticized the Western states' double standards regarding the rights of women and their silence in the face of the death of hundreds of thousands of women in the Gaza Strip by the Israeli war machine.

https://en.mehrnews.com/news/216739/Cand...ion-debate

Apropos Stärkung von Frauen in der iranischen Gesellschaft: Die streng konservative und bei Reformern eher unbeliebte Politikerin Zohreh Elahian hatte sich mit medialer Aufmerksamkeit ebenfalls für die Präsidentschaftswahl registrieren lassen, wurde jedoch vom Wächterrat disqualifiziert. Das war in diesem Kontext nicht clever.

[Quintus Fabius]

Vielen Dank für deine Ausführungen zu den Flüchtlingen im Iran. Noch als kurze Anmerkung:

Ergo wäre die Aussage der betreffenden Flüchtlinge auch völlig korrekt.

Nur um das eindeutiger zu formulieren: ich schrieb ja nicht, dass die in Wahrheit Iraner wären, die sind Afghanen. Aber sie sind weitgehend schon im Iran geboren worden, kommen also nicht direkt aus Afghanistan. Viele davon sind Nachkommen der Flüchtlinge welche schon zu Sowjetzeiten in den Iran geflohen sind. Ich meinte also nicht, dass die keine Afghanen wären, sondern dass sie Afghanen sind, die nicht aus Afghanistan stammen. (dazu kommen dann noch Usbeken, Tadschiken usw. die aus Usbekistan / Tadschikistan stammen, aber trotzdem behaupten aus Afghanistan zu sein etc)

Noch ein paar Fragen in diesem Kontext:

Sind die Hazara und den Flüchtlingen überrepresentiert ? Gibt es auch Rückkehrer aus dem Iran in Richtung Afghanistan ? Wie verhält es sich mit den Belutschen, welche ja auch in Südafghanistan leben, aber ebenso im Iran und dort ja ein ständiges Problem darstellen ?

[Kongo Erich]

ich versuche mal eine Antwort

....

Sind die Hazara und den Flüchtlingen überrepresentiert ? ...

rein prozentual an den Bevölkerungsanteilen ja - denn die Hazara wurden von den sunnitischen Paschtunen - die der "Grundstock" der Taliban waren - massiv verfolgt. Und deren Schutzmacht war der schiitische Iran.
Inzwischen hört man aber, dass die Taliban versuchen, solche Stammesfehden zu beenden - und sich als übergeordnete "Ordnungsmacht" gegenüber allen Stämmen zu etablieren.

....
Gibt es auch Rückkehrer aus dem Iran in Richtung Afghanistan ? ...

ja - vor allem auch diejenigen, die mit den harten Anforderungen der Iraner (bis hin zum Dienst in Milizen etwa in Syrien) nicht zurecht gekommen sind

....
Wie verhält es sich mit den Belutschen, welche ja auch in Südafghanistan leben, aber ebenso im Iran und dort ja ein ständiges Problem darstellen ?

die Belutschen sind vor allem ein Problem für den Iran und Pakistan, weil sie dort eine möglichst hohe Autonomie einfordern und die entsprechenden Bestrebungen staatlicherseits nicht gefördert werden, um es sehr diplomatisch zu formulieren.
Da die Taliban / Paschtunen über sehr enge Bindungen zu pakistanischen Eliten verfügen, wirkt sich diese Beziehung eher zu Lasten der Belutschen aus.

[Quintus Fabius]

Vielen Dank für deine Ansichten.

Auf die Besonderheit der Neo-Taliban die jetzt herrschen in Bezug auf die Hazara habe ich auch schon mal im Afghanistanstrang hingewiesen. Gibt sogar ein paar Taliban-Kommandeure die Hazara sind, und es werden gezielt Hazara als Kämpfer rekrutiert, was ein völliges Novum darstellt. Desweiteren wollen die Taliban die Rückkehr von Flüchtlingen nach Afghanistan.

In diesem Kontext frage ich mich, ob es Geldflüsse von Flüchtlingen im Iran in Richtung Afghanistan gibt und wie solche stattfinden könnten ? Es gibt ja auch jetzt noch einen ständigen Geldfluss von Afghanen beispielsweise aus Deutschland nach Afghanistan. Gibt es ähnliche Geldtransfers auch aus dem Iran dorthin ?

[KheibarShekan]

Masoud Pezeshkian elected as Iran's new president

Pezeshkian won the election race by securing 16.384.403 of the votes while Saeed Jalili, his rival, managed to secure 13.538.179 of the votes, according to an announcement made by Mohsen Eslami, spokesperson for Iran's election headquarters.

Masoud Pezeshkian and Saeed Jalili were the two candidates who secured the most votes in the snap presidential election on June 28.

https://en.mehrnews.com/news/217316/Maso...-president

Bei einer relativ geringen Wahlbeteiligung von ca. 50% haben die Reformer mehr Wähler mobilisieren können, als die Konservativen, die sich in den entsprechenden Gegenkandidaten offenbar nicht hinreichend repräsentiert gesehen haben. Anders kann ich das nicht erklären, denn die Parlamentswahl im März (ca. 40% Wahlbeteiligung) ging noch klar an das konservative Lager. Entsprechend gering ist der Handlungsspielraum von Pezeshkian, der ja für jede relevante Handlung (Kabinett, Gesetze) die Zustimmung des Parlaments benötigt. Lehnt das Parlament seine Minister oder Gesetzentwürfe ab, muss er neue Vorschläge machen. Das könnte zäh werden. Pezeshkian hatte während der Wahl den Zuspruch der ehemaligen Präsidenten Khatami und Rohani sowie des ehem. Außenministers Zarif (Atomabkommen) erhalten, die im konservativen Lager sehr unbeliebt sind. Zarif hatte sogar angekündigt, dass er gern wieder ins Außenministerium einsteigen würden, wenn Pezeshkian gewählt würde. Ich kann mir allerdings kaum vorstellen, dass man das personell so realisiert bekommen kann. So gesehen haben sich die Iraner gerade selbst mehr oder weniger innerhalb weniger Monate in 2024 in die politische Handlungsunfähigkeit gewählt.

Pezeshkian ist ein erfolgreicher Arzt armenischen Ursprungs (vgl. Name), seine Eltern sind jedoch kurdisch (Mutter) und aserbaidschanisch (Vater). Er hat im Golfkrieg als Soldat und später als Arzt gedient. Er engagiert sich nebenbei stark für türkisch-iranische Beziehungen, ist nebenbei Koranlehrer und seit dem Tod seiner Frau im Jahr 1994 alleinerziehender Vater. Durch seine "feministischen" Statements im Wahlkampf ist anzunehmen, dass es ihm gelungen sein könnte, eine höhere Anzahl von Frauenstimmen auf sich zu ziehen, als sein Gegenkandidat, der eher mit einer nationalistischen, protektionistischen Politik zu punkten versuchte. Insgesamt ein eher enges Ergebnis.

---

Iranian reformist wins presidency, beating a prominent hardliner
Story by Susannah George • 6h • 4 min read
...
Turnout on Friday stood at 50 percent, just slightly higher than last week’s historic low of 40 percent.

Pezeshkian, who was little-known outside Iran before the presidential campaign, was the sole reformist approved to run. He netted 16.3 million votes, according to the country’s election headquarters, almost 3 million more than Jalili, his nearest rival, who trailed behind with about 13.5 million. The snap election was triggered by the death of Ebrahim Raisi in a May helicopter crash.

The victory for Pezeshkian delivers a significant defeat to Iran’s ultraconservative party at a critical time for the country as it faces heightened regional tensions and a standoff with the West over its nuclear program.

Conservatives dominated the ballot in the initial snap election and endorsed Jalili once the vote went to a runoff, making him the favorite to win Friday, according to some analysts. But Pezeshkian appears to have mobilized broader support, appealing to moderate conservatives and generating higher turnout within his base.
...
While campaigning for president, he advocated limited social and economic reforms and engagement with the United States over Iran’s nuclear program to lift sanctions that have crippled the economy. Pezeshkian’s supporters cite his heritage as an Azeri, one of Iran’s ethnic minorities, as one of the reasons they say he can act as a unifying force in the country.

“I will do everything possible to look at those who were not seen by the powerful and whose voices are not heard. We will make poverty, discrimination, war, lies and corruption disappear from this country,” he said during a campaign rally this week.

He pledged to bridge what he described as the “gap” in Iran between the people and the government.

Pezeshkian’s victory shows he was able to expand his base of support, pulling from both the reformist and conservative ranks, said Mehrzad Boroujerdi, an Iran analyst and dean at Missouri University of Science and Technology.

But once in office, Iran’s conservatives might frustrate the plans Pezeshkian set out during his campaign.

“The conservatives will try to create obstacles from day one,” Boroujerdi said. “He won’t have much of a honeymoon. … They will apply the brakes to whatever Pezeshkian will try to do.”

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/ira...r-BB1puZHt

[KheibarShekan]

In den Sommermonaten wo bei 40+ Grad überall die Klimaanlagen laufen, ist der iranische Stromverbrauch auf dem Niveau von Deutschland. Alleine schon um den Bedarf halbwegs effektiv und ohne noch mehr Smog zu bedienen, muss der Strommix weiter diversifiziert werden. Ziel scheint erstmal ein Anteil von 15% erneuerbarer Energien zu sein.

Private sector to build 11,000MW of renewable power plants in Iran
August 14, 2024 - 13:35
...
Putting the country’s current electricity generation capacity at 93,000 MW, Mehrabian said that based on the seventh National Development Plan, Iran’s power generation capacity is expected to be increased to 123,000 MW within the next five years.

“In the last three years, Iran's electricity generation has grown by 45.7 terawatt hours, and this production growth has made Iran the seventh biggest electricity producer in the world,” he noted
...
In late July, SATBA Head Mahmoud Kamani said 600 renewable power plants with a total capacity of 13,500 MW are under construction across the country and with these power plants going operational the share of renewables in Iran’s power generation will reach 15 percent.

“We hope that by implementing these power plants, the share of renewable energies in Iran's electricity production will increase to more than 15 percent in the next two years,” Kamani said.

https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/502439/...-plants-in

[KheibarShekan]

Iran finishes 2nd in RobotChallenge 2024
August 13, 2024 - 15:26

TEHRAN – Iranian students aged 7-17 won second place among 31 countries in the RobotChallenge 2024 which was held from August 9 to 11 in Beijing, China.

Over 5,000 contestants participated in the competition. China and Romania ranked first and third respectively, IRNA reported.

A total of 16 groups, each made up of 3 students, represented Iran in the robotics competition. The Iranian team competed in RoboSumo, Soccer, Innovation, Robot Rugby, and Technical Report leagues.

For the second year in a row, the Iranian team managed to claim second place in the Technical Report. Two U12 Iranian teams won silver and bronze medals in the innovation league; China ranked first.

https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/502396/...lenge-2024

[PKr]

Der Erfolg der iranischen Teams bei der Robo-Olympiade zeigt m.E., daß die Regierung des Landes das Potential solcher Wettbewerbe erkannt hat, um die Jugend des Landes für MINT-Fächer zu begeistern. Und solche Wettbewerbe helfen wahrscheinlich auch, die Akzeptanz der Regierung bei der Jugend zu steigern.

Allerdings werden die Prioritäten wohl nicht immer so weitsichtig gesetzt: Die Wasserreserven des Landes werden stark überstrapaziert (-Link-). Das dürfte in Zukunft soziale Konflikte deutlich verschärfen.

[KheibarShekan]

Der Erfolg der iranischen Teams bei der Robo-Olympiade zeigt m.E., daß die Regierung des Landes das Potential solcher Wettbewerbe erkannt hat, um die Jugend des Landes für MINT-Fächer zu begeistern. Und solche Wettbewerbe helfen wahrscheinlich auch, die Akzeptanz der Regierung bei der Jugend zu steigern.

Die Iraner nehmen seit 1998 am RoboCup teill. Initialzündung war wahrscheinlich ein Projekt der Sharif Universität in Teheran, welche damals eine Challenge für 100 teilnehmende Schulen organisiert hatte, um den Kindern STEM bzw. MINT Fächer über das Vehikel der Robotic und Algorithmen näher zu bringen.
Das kam bei den teilnehmenden Schülern und Schulen gut an, weckte eine Nachfrage nach Regelmäßigkeit, und dann erst ist das Bildungsministerium darauf angesprungen, die das Thema dann etwas systematischer gefördert hat. Es folgte eine Zunahme der Angebote für Computer AGs usw.

Allerdings werden die Prioritäten wohl nicht immer so weitsichtig gesetzt: Die Wasserreserven des Landes werden stark überstrapaziert (-Link-). Das dürfte in Zukunft soziale Konflikte deutlich verschärfen.

Das Land hat aktuell und zukünftig, regional, mit erheblicher Hitze und Trockenheit zu kämpfen. Das ist unter anderem die menschengemachte Folge der Errichtung von Staudämmen und unkontrollierter Entnahme von Trinkwasser durch die Landwirtschaft. Der Klimawandel verschärft das Problem zusätzlich. Man wird daher größere Anstrengungen unternehmen müssen, um hier gegenzusteuern. Das ist aus meiner Sicht alternativlos.

[Quintus Fabius]

Mal ein paar Ideen von mir dazu, für welche gerade der Iran meiner Meinung nach besonders geeignet wäre:

Solarthermie an der Küste - damit Gewinnung von grünem Wasserstoff (Energieverlust egal da Solarthermie) - Verwendung des grünen Wasserstoff für die Energieversorgung - dadurch zugleich Gewinnung von Wasser - zudem können die Solarkraftwerke auch sonst für die Entsalzung von Meerwasser verwendet werden - die aus dem Meerwasser gewonnnen Salze könnte man ebenfalls weiter verwenden (insbsondere das Magnesium) - Verwendung neuer Technologien wie mit Ester versetztem Magnesiumhydrid - Export von Magnesiumhydrid

[KheibarShekan]

Dass sich das mit den finanziellen und technischen Möglichkeiten innerhalb von 10-15 Jahren in relevantem Umfang ganz so elegant umsetzten lässt, wie von Quintus beschrieben, glaube ich nicht. Aber Meerwasserentsalzung in größerem Stil, auf Basis erneuerbarer Energien, wäre absolut richtig, regional. Vielleicht kann man das Sonnenlicht dafür auch viel direkter nutzen und damit die Technik pflegeleichter und günstiger halten. Eine nachhaltigere Nutzung und bessere Verteilung des vorhandenen Wassers mal vorausgesetzt. Sonst ergeben solche technischen Maßnahmen nicht viel mehr, wie den sprichwörtlichen Tropfen auf den heißen Stein.

----------

Der neue Staatspräsident verteidigt gerade in diesen Stunden sein Kabinett.

Pezeshkian calls for national consensus as parliament begins debating cabinet lineup
Saturday, 17 August 2024 8:23 AM

Iran’s Parliament has officially started reviewing the qualifications of proposed ministers in the new administration, with President Masoud Pezeshkian underscoring the importance of maintaining unity and cohesion among the three branches of government to resolve the country’s problems.

In an open session of the Parliament on Saturday, Pezeshkian threw his weight behind his 19 ministerial picks and called for amicable solutions to address the national and international challenges instead of resorting to harsh measures.

He highlighted the loyalty and faithfulness of the Iranian nation, stressing that honesty and transparency of the government would strengthen bonds between the two sides.

“The cabinet that was introduced to the parliament today is the government of national unity; the government of national unity is a government that considers itself the government of all Iranian people. The national unity government is obligated to secure the citizenship rights of all Iranians and is committed to the prioritization of national interests over any other interest,” Pezeshkian said.

Calling for joint and coordinated measures by the three branches of government to fulfill the people’s demands, the Iranian president said, “If the voices of the public are not heard in time, there will be growing frustration and disappointment, which would result in the loss of hope and the destruction of capitals.”

Pointing to various challenges facing the country, Pezeshkian said the Islamic Republic is suffering “imbalances” in the economic, societal, environmental, educational and cultural fields but, “Our people showed that they love their country, and if effective procedure is pursued to solve the problems, they will turn out with all their strength.”

The president underlined the significance of policy- and decision-making based on a scientific approach, as well as solving problems in light of collective wisdom instead of relying on personal opinions and tastes.

Pezeshkian also emphasized his resolve to fight against corruption and respect freedom of speech as well as criticism and national dialogue.

He termed US sanctions as the main threat to the Iranian nation and called for “togetherness” among the public to address the issue.

“Economy is the cornerstone of the country’s problems, but dissociating the economy from other areas and reducing it to conventional economic issues is a big mistake. Today, simultaneous reforms in international relations and internal reforms are the only way out of the current situation,” Pezeshkian said.

“This can only be achieved with an integrated view of domestic and foreign, economic and political issues and an integrated view and common understanding of the current issues in the country, which demands the cooperation and empathy of the three branches,” he added.

Pezeshkian will have two and half hours to defend his cabinet at Parliament and then, five opponents and five supporters of the proposed ministers will deliver a speech during the session.
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https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2024/08/17...Pezeshkian